The scope of demography is very wide. It includes the subject matter of demography, is it a micro or macro study? Whether it is a science or art? These are vexed questions about the scope of demography about which there is no unanimity among writers on demography. We discuss them as under:
1) Size of Population.
2) Composition of Population.
3) Distribution of Population
4) Fertility, Mortality and Migration
5) Labor Force
6) Social Demography
7) Population Policy
1. Size of Population: PS is fundamentally study and the form of its size. The students of population study are interest in studying the size of population. The want to know the changes that are taking place in the size of population. In this aspect three important components should bear mind:
a. Size
b. Place
c. Time.
a. Size: may be affected because of higher or lower birth and death rates and migration factors. These components affect the size of the population.
b. Place: the population studies explain the population phenomena that take place, situations and the changes in the contents of biological, social, economical, settings.
c. Time: the size and time do not remain the same. The population changes from time to time and it depends on the socio economic conditions.
2. Composition of Populations: Includes the measurable characteristic of population of community in a country during the particular period. The characteristic of population are; age, sex, marital status, educational level, religion, caste, race and health etc.. Population study tries to find out the changes in the characteristic which influences on size and distribution of Population because this characteristic generally changing. The population study not only studies the changing factors but also the variables responsible for the changes.
3. Distribution of Populations: the distribution of population generally studied according to geographical area. It includes percentage and density of population. The factors affecting population distributions are; geographical, social and Economic, etc. It also studied by classification of residence, includes rural and urban residence growth of urbanization, ratio of urban rural population, locality of residence inhabitance etc.. Population study conducted the concerning levels and trends of population distribution. It tries to study the density and the percentage causes and factors affecting the population.
4. Fertility, Mortality and Migration: The important field of birth rate, birth order, family size, sterility and contraception etc. Population studies influence of biological limits social norms upon fertility. It also studies the reproductive span in addition to that physiological, Social and cultural factors affecting fertility, the interval between the successive work, reproductive wastage etc..
Another important field of studies is Mortality, it includes studies of sex, age pattern, causes of death, level and trends of mortality and difference in mortality such as rural, urban, occupation etc..
Migration, it studies the general trends of migration, migration movements, place of origin and destination, migration intervals and streams. It also studies differential migration as age, sex, marital status and educational attainments, and also national and international migration.
5. Labor Force: study is made of economically active population both employed and unemployed, that is not economically active such as, homemakers, students and income recipients the basic measure of economic activity or labor force analysis include the crude labor force, The age, sex specific labor force participation, the standardized labor force participation rate etc…besides National and International, employment and unemployment etc.. are under taken.
6. Social Demography; It includes study of demographical aspect of social intuition particularly family and marriage. The study of marriage includes marital status, age at marriage, time and trend, marriage frequency, marriage by religious group, education level etc..
It also studies extent of widow hood age by religion, duration of reunion, method of computation.
7. Population Policies; the development of country today very much depend upon population policies. Population policies include, philosophy, guiding principle, organizational structure and service and supplies, educational motivation, family planning target and family planning progress and achievement etc.. Population Policies in different country are developing according to local requirement.
The above discussion the nature and scope of demography include only the major and established area. The scope of demography has been constantly increasing. Therefore the new area of research and study are been explored. Thus the scope is constantly widened.
a. Size
b. Place
c. Time.
a. Size: may be affected because of higher or lower birth and death rates and migration factors. These components affect the size of the population.
b. Place: the population studies explain the population phenomena that take place, situations and the changes in the contents of biological, social, economical, settings.
c. Time: the size and time do not remain the same. The population changes from time to time and it depends on the socio economic conditions.
2. Composition of Populations: Includes the measurable characteristic of population of community in a country during the particular period. The characteristic of population are; age, sex, marital status, educational level, religion, caste, race and health etc.. Population study tries to find out the changes in the characteristic which influences on size and distribution of Population because this characteristic generally changing. The population study not only studies the changing factors but also the variables responsible for the changes.
3. Distribution of Populations: the distribution of population generally studied according to geographical area. It includes percentage and density of population. The factors affecting population distributions are; geographical, social and Economic, etc. It also studied by classification of residence, includes rural and urban residence growth of urbanization, ratio of urban rural population, locality of residence inhabitance etc.. Population study conducted the concerning levels and trends of population distribution. It tries to study the density and the percentage causes and factors affecting the population.
4. Fertility, Mortality and Migration: The important field of birth rate, birth order, family size, sterility and contraception etc. Population studies influence of biological limits social norms upon fertility. It also studies the reproductive span in addition to that physiological, Social and cultural factors affecting fertility, the interval between the successive work, reproductive wastage etc..
Another important field of studies is Mortality, it includes studies of sex, age pattern, causes of death, level and trends of mortality and difference in mortality such as rural, urban, occupation etc..
Migration, it studies the general trends of migration, migration movements, place of origin and destination, migration intervals and streams. It also studies differential migration as age, sex, marital status and educational attainments, and also national and international migration.
5. Labor Force: study is made of economically active population both employed and unemployed, that is not economically active such as, homemakers, students and income recipients the basic measure of economic activity or labor force analysis include the crude labor force, The age, sex specific labor force participation, the standardized labor force participation rate etc…besides National and International, employment and unemployment etc.. are under taken.
6. Social Demography; It includes study of demographical aspect of social intuition particularly family and marriage. The study of marriage includes marital status, age at marriage, time and trend, marriage frequency, marriage by religious group, education level etc..
It also studies extent of widow hood age by religion, duration of reunion, method of computation.
7. Population Policies; the development of country today very much depend upon population policies. Population policies include, philosophy, guiding principle, organizational structure and service and supplies, educational motivation, family planning target and family planning progress and achievement etc.. Population Policies in different country are developing according to local requirement.
The above discussion the nature and scope of demography include only the major and established area. The scope of demography has been constantly increasing. Therefore the new area of research and study are been explored. Thus the scope is constantly widened.
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