Meaning: The most important Source of demographic data is the census. The word "census" is derived from the Latin word censure which means "to assess“ or “tax‘’ or “value”.
Definition:The New international Webster’s Dictionary defines it as: "An official count of the people of a country or district including age, sex, employment, etc."
Types of Census:
De Facto Method
De Jure Method
Introduction
De Facto Method
Under this method, the Census Commission fixes one date for conducting the census throughout the country.
– It is usually done on full moon night because it is presumed that all households are present at their residences during that time.
– This technique was followed both in England and India up to the 1931 census.
De Jure Method
Under this method the enumeration period of two or three weeks is fixed.
– The enumerator collects information from household by visiting them very often to fill up the various schedules.
– Persons residing temporarily at a place are not enumerated. Only person residing permanently in a palace are counted in it.
– This is also called real and direct enumeration method of census.
Merits of De Facto Method
1. It is not time consuming
2. This is real enumeration because all the households are present in their residence.
3. Even person present at other places within the country are enumerated.
Merits of De Jure Method
1. This is called real method because the enumerators are given sufficient time to collect information from the households by making frequent visits to them.
2. It is possible to collect a wide variety of information relating to sex, age, language, education, occupation, etc..
3. Such diverse data are used by the Census Commission in arriving at various aspects of population growth such as birth rates, death rates, sex ratios, occupational distribution, literacy rate, etc.
4. These data are further used by administrators for policy formulations regarding health and family planning, poverty alleviation, etc
Demerits of De Facto Method
1. Person who are travelling during the night in trains, buses, etc cannot be enumerated
2. Requires large number of enumerators
3. Nobody likes to disturbed at night.
Demerits of De Jure Method
1. Persons who are not residing permanently at a place at the time of enumeration are usually left out.
2. The same problem arises when a person has two houses at two different towns and resides in them for the purpose of business.
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